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Intel® Turbo Boost Technology automatically allows processor cores to run faster than the rated operating frequency if they’re operating below power, current, and temperature specification limits.
Intel Turbo Boost Technology is activated when the Operating System (OS) requests a frequency higher than the rated frequency of the processor. Whether the processor enters into and the amount of time the processor spends in the Intel Turbo Boost Technology state depends on the workload and operating environment.
Maximum turbo frequency indicates the highest possible frequency achievable when conditions allow the processor to enter turbo mode. Intel Turbo Boost Technology frequency varies depending on workload, hardware, software and overall system configuration.
Due to varying power characteristics, some parts with Intel Turbo Boost Technology may not achieve maximum turbo frequencies when running heavy workloads and using multiple cores concurrently.
Availability and frequency upside of Intel Turbo Boost Technology state depends upon a number of factors including, but not limited to the following:
Type of workload
Number of active cores
Estimated current consumption
Estimated power consumption
Processor temperature
When the processor is operating below these limits and the user's workload demands additional performance, the processor frequency will dynamically increase until the upper limit of frequency is reached. Intel Turbo Boost Technology has multiple algorithms operating in parallel to manage current, power, and temperature to maximize frequency and energy efficiency. Note: Intel Turbo Boost Technology allows the processor to operate at a power level that is higher than its TDP configuration and data sheet specified power for short durations to maximize performance.
Here you can check a table that shows how Intel® Turbo Boost works:
http://www.intel.com/support/processors/corei5/sb/CS-032278.htm
You can also run the Intel® Processor Diagnostic Tool to test the internal components of the processor. Here you can download it:
https://downloadcenter.intel.com/Detail_Desc.aspx?agr=Y&DwnldID=19792